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It actually sounds interesting. Good job so far 
4 posters
Tong Research Paper
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Yeah you say that here Lev. And the next day you laugh at us. Grr...watch her remove like 3 paragraphs tomorrow or something. She didn't even want to read my conclusion...stupid lady.
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http://www.sciencebyjones.com/history_of_heat.htm
mb we can get a question from this part. read it first
mb we can get a question from this part. read it first
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mb u read it already
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Already read that.
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Tong don't forget to LABEL the sections of your intro.
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no im serious it did sound good. the other thing was trash.
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I copied that from the site Lev you noob! That trash was Tong's intro. lmao
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What keeps a train moving? Certainly, it must be the burning coal that provides energy to the engine to make them move. But what was the heat produced by coal that could move heavy objects? According to the teachings of Aristotle, which dominate the theory of the nature of heat since 300 BC, that fire was actually one of the four primal elements, as well as the aspects of fire, heat and light. But people noticed that when the fire has gone out and light gone, heat remained. This observation makes people to doubt that whether heat is an element or is it something totally different. This question attracts many scientists to study heat.
One of the first modern Chemists who studied heat was Joseph Black. Black tried to explain heat in terms of fluid. The observation he made is that when a pond of water is heated, the temperature increases. But when a block of ice is heated, the ice didn't change its temperate till all the ice was melted. Thus Joseph Black concluded that until the ice was saturated with the heat-fluid and therefore became melted could its temperature rise. The French chemist Antoine Lavoiser accepted this theory and named it "the caloric theory", which still insist that heat was an element.
Not until the end of eighteenth century, when a British spy accidentally observes a phenomenon, do people make some important progress on the nature of heat.
The key event that led people to understand how heat works is an observation made by a scientist, Benjamin Thompson, who was also a spy for the British. While supervising the boring of a cannon at Munich in 1798, Benjamin Thompson was amazed by the enormous and seemingly inexhaustible amount of heat produced by the
boring instrument. When the boring instrument was placed in cold water to cool off, the water soon boiled. Benjamin Thompson simply could not understand where all the heat was coming from, since no fire had been put on. This phenomenon totally contradicted to the Aristotle's principle that heat was an element. Because all elements are finite, but the heat generated from the boring instrument was infinite. After studying and analyzing this phenomenon, Benjamin Thompson pointed out that heat was produced without fire, without light, without chemical combustion. It came just out of motion. However, the knowledge of heat was not complete, some questions still remained unsolved. One question was whether heat is a form of energy.
James Prescott Joule was born into a wealthy brewer's family at Salford, England on Christmas Eve of the year 1818. Although a delicate child, James Prescott Joule did not go to regular schools, but received education from his mother's half sister. At the age of fifteen, Joule commenced working in the brewery. Unfortunately, when his father's health declined, the work in brewery fell entirely into the hands of young; this incident eliminated Joule's chance of farther extending his education by attending college. However, Joule didn't give up his great desire to study science. He went to John Dalton, who was one of the most renown chemist, meterologist and physicist of all time, to get instructions in science field. At there, Joule received knowledges on algebra, arithmetic, geometry, and finally, chemistry from Dalton's own master piece "New System of Chemical Philosophy." Dalton's teaching on the constitution of mixed gases, and on the behavior of vapors and gases under heat had greatly influenced Joule's interest and his direction of study in the future.
One of the first modern Chemists who studied heat was Joseph Black. Black tried to explain heat in terms of fluid. The observation he made is that when a pond of water is heated, the temperature increases. But when a block of ice is heated, the ice didn't change its temperate till all the ice was melted. Thus Joseph Black concluded that until the ice was saturated with the heat-fluid and therefore became melted could its temperature rise. The French chemist Antoine Lavoiser accepted this theory and named it "the caloric theory", which still insist that heat was an element.
Not until the end of eighteenth century, when a British spy accidentally observes a phenomenon, do people make some important progress on the nature of heat.
The key event that led people to understand how heat works is an observation made by a scientist, Benjamin Thompson, who was also a spy for the British. While supervising the boring of a cannon at Munich in 1798, Benjamin Thompson was amazed by the enormous and seemingly inexhaustible amount of heat produced by the
boring instrument. When the boring instrument was placed in cold water to cool off, the water soon boiled. Benjamin Thompson simply could not understand where all the heat was coming from, since no fire had been put on. This phenomenon totally contradicted to the Aristotle's principle that heat was an element. Because all elements are finite, but the heat generated from the boring instrument was infinite. After studying and analyzing this phenomenon, Benjamin Thompson pointed out that heat was produced without fire, without light, without chemical combustion. It came just out of motion. However, the knowledge of heat was not complete, some questions still remained unsolved. One question was whether heat is a form of energy.
James Prescott Joule was born into a wealthy brewer's family at Salford, England on Christmas Eve of the year 1818. Although a delicate child, James Prescott Joule did not go to regular schools, but received education from his mother's half sister. At the age of fifteen, Joule commenced working in the brewery. Unfortunately, when his father's health declined, the work in brewery fell entirely into the hands of young; this incident eliminated Joule's chance of farther extending his education by attending college. However, Joule didn't give up his great desire to study science. He went to John Dalton, who was one of the most renown chemist, meterologist and physicist of all time, to get instructions in science field. At there, Joule received knowledges on algebra, arithmetic, geometry, and finally, chemistry from Dalton's own master piece "New System of Chemical Philosophy." Dalton's teaching on the constitution of mixed gases, and on the behavior of vapors and gases under heat had greatly influenced Joule's interest and his direction of study in the future.
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no=.= she meant to label intro, experiment, and conclusion, not the problem,hypothesis etc
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u were talking to lev when she said that part, stupid
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Who the hell was Joe Black? What year...don't get one that came after Joule you noob. And you're stupid...she crossed out your whole intro. 
Also you spoke of a British spy. Who was the British spy?
Also where are your citations?
Here's my input:
What keeps a train moving? Certainly, it must be the burning coal that provides energy to the engine to make them move. But what was the heat produced by coal that could move heavy objects? According to the teachings of Aristotle, which dominate the theory of the nature of heat since 300 BC, that fire was actually one of the four primal elements, as well as the aspects of fire, heat and light. But people noticed that when the fire has gone out and light gone, heat remained. This observation makes people to doubt that whether heat is an element or is it something totally different. This question attracts many scientists to study heat.
One of the first modern Chemists who studied heat was Joseph Black. Black tried to explain heat in terms of fluid. The observation he made is that when a pond of water is heated, the temperature increases. But when a block of ice is heated, the ice didn't change its temperate till all the ice was melted. Thus Joseph Black concluded that until the ice was saturated with the heat-fluid and therefore became melted could its temperature rise. The French chemist Antoine Lavoiser accepted this theory and named it "the caloric theory", which still insist that heat was an element.
Not until the end of eighteenth century, when a British spy accidentally observes a phenomenon, do people make some important progress on the nature of heat.
The key event that led people to understand how heat works is an observation made by a scientist, Benjamin Thompson, who was also a spy for the British. While supervising the boring of a cannon at Munich in 1798, Benjamin Thompson was amazed by the enormous and seemingly inexhaustible amount of heat produced by the
boring instrument. When the boring instrument was placed in cold water to cool off, the water soon boiled. Benjamin Thompson simply could not understand where all the heat was coming from, since if heat was an element then how come it was infinite? This phenomenon totally contradicted to the Aristotle's principle that heat was an element. Because all elements are finite, but the heat generated from the boring instrument was infinite. After studying and analyzing this phenomenon, Benjamin Thompson pointed out that heat was produced without fire, without light, without chemical combustion. It came just out of motion. However, the knowledge of heat was not complete, some questions still remained unsolved. One question was whether heat is a form of energy.
James Prescott Joule was born into a wealthy brewer's family at Salford, England on Christmas Eve of the year 1818. Although a delicate child, James Prescott Joule did not go to regular schools, but received education from his mother's half sister. At the age of fifteen, Joule commenced working in the brewery. Unfortunately, when his father's health declined, the work in brewery fell entirely into the hands of young; this incident eliminated Joule's chance of farther extending his education by attending college. However, Joule didn't give up his great desire to study science. He went to John Dalton, who was one of the most renown chemist, meterologist and physicist of all time, to get instructions in science field. At there, Joule received knowledges on algebra, arithmetic, geometry, and finally, chemistry from Dalton's own master piece "New System of Chemical Philosophy." Dalton's teaching on the constitution of mixed gases, and on the behavior of vapors and gases under heat had greatly influenced Joule's interest and his direction of study in the future. Through his intensive research Joule later wanted to answer the question of; why would the temperature of water go up by simply being stirred if no chemical reaction was happening?
I added the bolded parts.
Also you spoke of a British spy. Who was the British spy?
Also where are your citations?
Here's my input:
What keeps a train moving? Certainly, it must be the burning coal that provides energy to the engine to make them move. But what was the heat produced by coal that could move heavy objects? According to the teachings of Aristotle, which dominate the theory of the nature of heat since 300 BC, that fire was actually one of the four primal elements, as well as the aspects of fire, heat and light. But people noticed that when the fire has gone out and light gone, heat remained. This observation makes people to doubt that whether heat is an element or is it something totally different. This question attracts many scientists to study heat.
One of the first modern Chemists who studied heat was Joseph Black. Black tried to explain heat in terms of fluid. The observation he made is that when a pond of water is heated, the temperature increases. But when a block of ice is heated, the ice didn't change its temperate till all the ice was melted. Thus Joseph Black concluded that until the ice was saturated with the heat-fluid and therefore became melted could its temperature rise. The French chemist Antoine Lavoiser accepted this theory and named it "the caloric theory", which still insist that heat was an element.
Not until the end of eighteenth century, when a British spy accidentally observes a phenomenon, do people make some important progress on the nature of heat.
The key event that led people to understand how heat works is an observation made by a scientist, Benjamin Thompson, who was also a spy for the British. While supervising the boring of a cannon at Munich in 1798, Benjamin Thompson was amazed by the enormous and seemingly inexhaustible amount of heat produced by the
boring instrument. When the boring instrument was placed in cold water to cool off, the water soon boiled. Benjamin Thompson simply could not understand where all the heat was coming from, since if heat was an element then how come it was infinite? This phenomenon totally contradicted to the Aristotle's principle that heat was an element. Because all elements are finite, but the heat generated from the boring instrument was infinite. After studying and analyzing this phenomenon, Benjamin Thompson pointed out that heat was produced without fire, without light, without chemical combustion. It came just out of motion. However, the knowledge of heat was not complete, some questions still remained unsolved. One question was whether heat is a form of energy.
James Prescott Joule was born into a wealthy brewer's family at Salford, England on Christmas Eve of the year 1818. Although a delicate child, James Prescott Joule did not go to regular schools, but received education from his mother's half sister. At the age of fifteen, Joule commenced working in the brewery. Unfortunately, when his father's health declined, the work in brewery fell entirely into the hands of young; this incident eliminated Joule's chance of farther extending his education by attending college. However, Joule didn't give up his great desire to study science. He went to John Dalton, who was one of the most renown chemist, meterologist and physicist of all time, to get instructions in science field. At there, Joule received knowledges on algebra, arithmetic, geometry, and finally, chemistry from Dalton's own master piece "New System of Chemical Philosophy." Dalton's teaching on the constitution of mixed gases, and on the behavior of vapors and gases under heat had greatly influenced Joule's interest and his direction of study in the future. Through his intensive research Joule later wanted to answer the question of; why would the temperature of water go up by simply being stirred if no chemical reaction was happening?
I added the bolded parts.
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okay, i'll print this one out, see i answered all the questions on the introduction rubric.
and joe black was almost 70 yrs b4 joule, and benjamin was the british spy, i mentioned this part in my intro
and joe black was almost 70 yrs b4 joule, and benjamin was the british spy, i mentioned this part in my intro
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Wait where are your sources?? She said you need to put parenthesis with the source next to all your texts that you took from them
virulentor- NH Member
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Bibliography
Internet:
Jones, Larry. (6/6/08). The History of Heat. http://www.sciencebyjones.com/history_of_heat.htm
Fitzpatrick, Richard. (2/2/06) A Brief History Of Heat And Work. http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/sm1/lectures/node32.html
Lamont,Ann. (3/17/93). James Joule: The great experimenter who was guided by god. http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v15/i2/joule.asp
Magazines:
Aaberg, Jens Christian. (6/7/95). James Prescott Joule. Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XIV, No. 363
Internet:
Jones, Larry. (6/6/08). The History of Heat. http://www.sciencebyjones.com/history_of_heat.htm
Fitzpatrick, Richard. (2/2/06) A Brief History Of Heat And Work. http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/sm1/lectures/node32.html
Lamont,Ann. (3/17/93). James Joule: The great experimenter who was guided by god. http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v15/i2/joule.asp
Magazines:
Aaberg, Jens Christian. (6/7/95). James Prescott Joule. Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XIV, No. 363
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I also said that you need to put the source tags next to your sentences in the intro. wherever you used them.
virulentor- NH Member
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but i used the website that u gave me instead, i replaced what was on that book with ur source.
what's our title?
what's our title?
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Im not talking about that:
For example
Blah Blah Blah. BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
I copied this sentence from www.blah.com
SO mailman wants us to do:
Blah Blah Blah (www.blah.com). BBBBBBBBBBB
In the pragaraphs...you need to add them in there in addition to the bibliography.
Our title is:
The effect of the stirring of the water on the temperature of the water.
BTW for citing the sites you should write the date you saw the site on.
For example
Blah Blah Blah. BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
I copied this sentence from www.blah.com
SO mailman wants us to do:
Blah Blah Blah (www.blah.com). BBBBBBBBBBB
In the pragaraphs...you need to add them in there in addition to the bibliography.
Our title is:
The effect of the stirring of the water on the temperature of the water.
BTW for citing the sites you should write the date you saw the site on.
virulentor- NH Member
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she wants the author ,date(smith,2000) not the website in the parenthesis
Ahmed- NH Admin
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Whatever!! You still need to write it in the TEXT (your paragraphs)
BTW print this out:
BTW don't forget to double space it and make everything the same font.
I ran out of printing ink
BTW print this out:
Experimental Procedure
In 1789, a French scientist named Antoine Lavoisier announced the Calorific Theory, which stated that heat was an element. James Joule, however, believed that energy was a form of energy and not an element as proposed by Lavoisier. Joule got this belief from when he was at his honeymoon in the Alps studying the nature of waterfall and he observed that the water at the temperature at the peak of the fall was cooler than the water at the bottom. This led him to believe that the water was heated from the movement of water down the ledge. This meant that the mechanical work of the water going down the waterfall was being converted to heat which made the water’s temperature rise. This caused Joule to ask the question of: Is heat an element? Joule’s hypothesis was that if heat was an element, then it cannot change forms since any element has one form. The independent variable in Joule’s experiment was the stirring of the water. The dependent variable was the water’s temperature.
James Joule, along with assistants, built an apparatus to test his hypothesis. He built the apparatus out of four revolving paddles that were surrounded by stationary vanes, which are connected to a stick that is connected to the bottom of a spinning drum. The revolving paddles and stationary vanes are inside a container of metal framework, which is covered by a copper jacket. A rope is tied around the spinning drum. The other end of the rope goes though a pulley and is tied to a weight. There is also a slit to put a thermometer though so the water’s temperature can be measured. Finally a ruler is used to measure how low the weight dropped when it was lowered.
Joule conducted the experiment by lowering the weight down by a measured amount. Then he multiplied the acceleration due to gravity with the height that the weight that got dropped is from the ground with the mass of the weight. This gave him the amount of potential energy that got converted to kinetic energy after the weight was lowered. Joule first measured the temperature of the water using a very precise thermometer. Joule lowered the weight, which caused the rope to be pulled on and therefore the spinning drum was spun. This caused the system of paddles to spin the water. Joule then measured the temperature of the water after the paddles stopped turning. The increase in temperature, heat, of the water was approximately the same as the amount of potential energy that the lowered weigh.
Conclusion
These results confirmed Joule’s hypothesis that heat was not an element; rather it was another form of energy. This allowed Joule to come up with the equation: CΔT=mgh. Henceforth, Joule was able to determine the specific heat (C) of water too. The specific heat of water is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of water by one degree Celsius. He was to estimate a mechanical equivalent of 4.41 J/cal.
In 1845, Joule read his paper that contained the paddle-wheel experiment, On the mechanical equivalent of heat to the British Association meeting in Cambridge. In 1850, Joule published a refined measurement of 4.159 J/cal. Today the accepted specific heat of water is 4.186 J/cal. Scientists that came after Joule, such as William Thomson, in 1851, outlined in his "On the Dynamical Theory of Heat", as based on recent experiments by those such as James Joule, that “heat is not a substance, but a dynamical form of mechanical effect, we perceive that there must be an equivalence between mechanical work and heat, as between cause and effect.” This ended the belief that heat is an element.
We use the concept of heat, named Joules, in most of the AP Chemistry curriculum. We use joules when we determine the nature of a reaction in terms of whether it is endothermic or exothermic. We also use joules when use Hess’s law to figure out the ΔH of a reaction.
Bibliography:
*The Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester, 2002, 5/30/10. The paddle wheel experiment introduced by James Joule http://www.hasdeu.bz.edu.ro/softuri/fizica/gimnaziu/experiment%20joule/www.einstein-support.co.uk/support/msim/website/w3c_access_version/edu_resources/page_4.htm
*On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, 5/30/10. http://www.chemteam.info/Chem-History/Joule-Heat-1845.html
BTW don't forget to double space it and make everything the same font.
I ran out of printing ink
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!
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111
virulentor- NH Member
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i clicked post reply, the i clicked browse, then selected the word document, whatelse to i do
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Type something in a post then send it
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Comon tong upload the damn thing already! I want to edit it!!!!!